During 2016 and 2017, AphaBay becomes the dominant market (see Fig. 3), polarizing sellers around its own ecosystem, such that the fraction of multisellers decreases to 10% of all sellers until its closure. Then, after operation Bayonet, the number of sellers in all categories and multisellers significantly drops, as shown in Fig. Notably, the number of multisellers suffers the largest drop of \(-99\%\) by the end of the first quarter of 2018. Interestingly, while the other categories of sellers show signs of recovery relative to their previous levels, the number of multisellers remains low after that shock (see Supplementary Information Section S4). The empty point on the multiseller median income line demarcates the quarter with only two multisellers.

Access Brokers: Their Pivotal Role in Cybercrime

Contrary to predictions, the market for cryptocurrency “cleaning” services, or Bitcoin mixers, stagnated. The competitive landscape remained unchanged, with no significant innovations reported. Black traffic schemes—malicious landing pages promoted via deceptive ads—remained a constant threat. These schemes leveraged mainstream ad platforms to distribute malware to unsuspecting users. After shut down, the site displayed a seizure notice and directed users to their hidden service[9] to find more information about the operation. Law enforcement seized substantial evidence, including 47 smartphones, 45 computers and notebooks, eight mobile phones, four computers, and 34 data storage devices from the primary suspect’s locations.

Halo Security Achieves SOC 2 Type II Compliance, Demonstrating Sustained Security Excellence Over Time

U.S. customers predominantly purchase drugs from these groups that are known to have used crypto to source fentanyl precursor chemicals from labs based in China. The cartels then use those chemicals to manufacture fentanyl that is later sold in the U.S. U.S.-based drug vendors on Abacus Market advertising a synthetic opioid called China White, which its customers can purchase using Bitcoin or Monero. On a smaller scale, Mega Darknet Market placed a few ads with QR codes in public places like Moscow subway trains.

Adopt secure ATM habits

Some listings are nothing more than scams designed to trick people into sending cryptocurrency without delivering anything in return. Many listings involve stolen personal information, including credit card data, Social Security details, and full identity profiles. Darknet marketplaces may look like regular online stores, but using or even browsing them comes with serious risks.

What Risks Are Associated With Dark Web Marketplaces?

Once the buyer confirms satisfaction, the funds are released to the seller. Silk Road quickly grew into the largest darknet market, handling hundreds of millions in transactions. But in 2013, law enforcement traced Bitcoin activity, monitored DPR’s forum posts, and exploited server vulnerabilities to identify Ross Ulbricht. Learn how darknet markets function and the challenges they present to cybersecurity, shedding light on the hidden side of the internet. Ares Market is commonly profiled by threat‑intel trackers as a general‑purpose dark‑web marketplace that appeared in 2021.

🛡️ How Axis Intelligence Strengthens Cybersecurity

In order to investigate the role of direct transactions between market participants, we now analyse the evolution of the S2S network, i.e., the network of the U2U transactions involving only sellers. The nodes of the S2S network are active sellers (i.e., sellers that are trading at the time) and two sellers are connected by an edge if at least one transaction was made between them during the considered snapshot period. Although the S2S network is composed only of U2U transactions, all categories of sellers (i.e, market-only, U2U-only, and market-U2U) are present in the S2S network.

Cryptocurrency

STYX Market emerged as a security-focused platform serving the illicit-finance sector. Vendors on the site undergo strict screening, which reduces exposure to undercover investigators. Brian’s Club is one of the longest-running carding sites referenced in U.S. criminal cases. Despite the instability of the underground ecosystem, it continues to appear in Department of Justice filings involving payment-card fraud. Rather than focusing on current availability, we examined overall impact and relevance within broader darknet discussions. This method helps explain why certain marketplaces remain notable even after they disappear.

Darknet markets differentiate themselves by unique service offering

Overall, our study provides a first step towards the understanding of how users of DWMs collectively behave outside organised marketplaces. In this paper, we revealed the prevalence and structure of a large network of direct transactions between users who trade on the same DWM. We showed that some of the links of this user-to-user (U2U) network are ephemeral while other persist in time. We highlighted that a significant fraction of stable U2U pairs formed as their members were trading with the same DWM, suggesting that DWMs may play a role in promoting the formation of stable U2U pairs. We showed that the relationships between users forming stable pairs persist even after the DWM shuts down and are not significantly affected by COVID-19, suggesting overall resilience of stable pairs to external shocks. Similar results hold for the full network, confirming that the formation of U2U pairs is a pervasive phenomenon around DWMs.

Drughub Market

However, compared to sellers, the drop is notably smaller, and the number of buyers rapidly recovers to previous values. Moreover, the number of multibuyers increases, which suggests a fast response from buyers to external shocks by trying to diversify their sources. With the advent of several markets at the beginning of 2014, the number of multisellers rapidly grows, representing more than 20% of all sellers until the beginning of 2016 (see Supplementary Information Section S3).

Illicit and Risky Use-Cases

Recently, two interview-based studies have suggested that DWMs may also promote the emergence of direct user-to-user (U2U) trading relationships. Here, we carefully investigate and quantify the scale of U2U trading around DWMs by analysing 31 million Bitcoin transactions among users of 40 DWMs between June 2011 and Jan 2021. We find that half of the DWM users trade through U2U pairs generating a total trading volume greater than DWMs themselves.

Are any dark web marketplaces safe to use?

• The starting point for this paper is the identification of U2U networks around DWMs.
• We show that these users play a crucial role in the connectivity of the ecosystem because they act as connectors between markets.
• This guide outlines different ways of safely accessing dark web stores and the list of reliable dark web marketplaces you can consider visiting today for research and monitoring purposes.
• Ethically, they must minimize harm, responsibly handle any stolen or sensitive data (often notifying victims or law enforcement), avoid entrapment, and maintain research integrity.
• These insights help researchers and privacy advocates understand where Tor is most relied upon, often highlighting global patterns in censorship, surveillance, and the demand for online anonymity.
• Malicious vendors often infect buyers with spyware, ransomware, or infostealer malware hidden in downloadable files.
• SecureDrop is an anonymous file-sharing platform designed for secure communication between whistleblowers and journalists.
• It uses the Tor network because it is a popular network that helps to circumvent censorship and online surveillance.
• Unlike traditional search engines like Google or DuckDuckGo, Torch indexes hidden websites that operate beyond the reach of the surface web.

Interestingly, the S2S network shows an intermediate level of resilience, which suggests that the S2S network might play the role of a supply chain network on the dark web. Furthermore, after a shock, the activity of buyers is resumed almost immediately, while the activity of sellers recovers more slowly. These different regimes suggest that the ecosystem’s resilience is mainly supported by the high demand of buyers rather than the response of the sellers.

Platform

The dark web market urls and darkmarket links remain essential for navigating this decentralized network, fostering a thriving digital economy. Dark web marketplaces have been a significant outlet for illicit trade, serving millions of users worldwide for over a decade. First, we propose an algorithm that categorizes users either as buyers or sellers, and show that a large fraction of the trading volume is concentrated in a small group of elite market participants.

Set Up Tor Browser

Each offers unique strengths in cryptocurrency trading and escrow security—essential for navigating the onion network. Beginning in September 2021, Abacus Market has established itself as one of the leading dark web marketplaces. After AlphaBay closed, darknet marketplaces 2026 Abacus Market took its place as the world’s largest underground darknet marketplaces. Abacus Market quickly rose to prominence by attracting former AlphaBay users and providing a comprehensive platform for a wide range of illicit activities.

• For instance, buying fake documents may indirectly support larger operations involving trafficking, extortion, or organized crime.
• One of the central[75] discussion forums was Reddit’s /r/DarkNetMarkets/,[76][77][78] which has been the subject of legal investigation, as well as the Tor-based discussion forum, The Hub.
• As in the previous 3 years, we conducted research into the supply and prices of various goods and services sold by cybercriminals on the dark web.
• As the digital economy of darknet markets continues to thrive, it remains a testament to the ingenuity and adaptability of online communities in creating sustainable and efficient trading environments.
• Trackers note that, like several modern markets, Catharsis claims to prohibit highly harmful or reputationally damaging categories (e.g., explicit abuse material, certain forms of violence-related content).
• While centralized exchanges (CEXs) remain the dominant cash-out method, a notable shift has been toward decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols.
• The months and years after Silk Road’s closure were marked by a greatly increased number of shorter-lived markets as well as semi-regular law enforcement takedowns, hacks, scams and voluntary closures.

In light of this, we have chosen the parameters conservatively, obtaining estimates for the number of sellers that are in general smaller than the ones produced by other methods. Second, our approach does not explicitly classify buyers, which are entities that were not classified as sellers. There is a gray zone in which some sellers and buyers may not be easily distinguishable in transaction networks. For instance, there may be sellers that make a small amount of transactions, or spend more than receive, which we would classify as buyers. Nevertheless, it is important to stress that the results are robust under considerable variation of the parameters, indicating that the coherent picture emerging from our analysis does not depend on the details of the method.

Predicted Cybersecurity Trends of 2024

In Georgia, on its southern border, where more than 100,000 Russians have fled, there is Matanga, a local Russian-speaking darknet market offering the same “treasure hunt” buying system as back home. The report said Solaris, a platform which has since been hijacked by Kraken, had sent KillNet $50,000. On New Year’s Eve people in Moscow spotted what looked like an up-and-coming tech startup projecting its logo onto the sides of various buildings. But in fact it was a guerrilla marketing stunt promoting OMG, a darknet marketplace selling heroin, mephedrone, marijuana, and everything else in between. Unlike competitors such as Archetyp, DrugHub, ASAP Market, and Incognito Market, Abacus’s technical architecture allowed for more sophisticated payment processing and escrow services. All content in this repository is published solely for educational use and is intended to promote ethical research and knowledge.

The dark net’s layered encryption and routing protocols offer stronger anonymity, making onion sites appealing to whistleblowers, political dissidents, privacy advocates — and, inevitably, cybercriminals. Freshtools was established in 2019 and offers various stolen credentials, accounts, and host protocols like RDP. It is considered a go-to site for malware purchasing, providing keyloggers, trojans, and other Malware as a Service products.

However, according to Chainalysis, the driving force of this revenue is a combination of increased competition and efforts by law enforcement to crack down on the markets themselves. According to Chainalysis’ 2025 Crypto Crime Report, darknet market (DNM) vendors are adapting their money laundering tactics. While centralized exchanges (CEXs) remain the dominant cash-out method, a notable shift has been toward decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols. The largest component of the S2S network of U2U transactions between sellers for each year with the respective number of nodes (N). The nodes are sellers that are active in that year, and an edge is placed between two sellers if at least one transaction occurs between them during that year. The network is mostly populated by U2U-only sellers, followed by market-only sellers.

By leveraging the decentralized nature of the Tor network, users can engage in transactions without exposing their identities or compromising their privacy. This has been particularly beneficial for vendors and buyers who prioritize discretion in their operations. Some believe STYX is the OG darknet market when it comes to financial crimes.

This allows them to map infrastructure, track financial flows, and identify administrators and vendors. Many marketplaces shut down suddenly due to exit scams, where administrators disappear with user funds. Others collapse after arrests, server seizures, or exposure caused by poor operational security. Archetyp Market was dismantled in June 2025 during Operation Deep Sentinel in a coordinated raid across six countries.

We can see this pattern on the chart below, which shows the level of market share controlled by the dominant market of each epoch. The recovery pattern is fairly consistent until the Hydra Marketplace closure, after which no dominant darknet market emerged. Darknet markets were one of two categories of crypto crime that saw revenues rise in 2023. In total, darknet markets and fraud shops received $1.7 billion last year, a rebound from 2022 — the year that saw the sizable Hydra Marketplace close. The ensuing war for darknet market dominance that began in 2022 continued into 2023, but no other market has since matched Hydra’s financial success.

• These services provide secure channels, reducing reliance on older networks and lowering exposure to law enforcement tactics.
• We classify all entities either as sellers or buyers as a function of time.
• As long as data is routinely stolen, there are likely to be marketplaces for the stolen information.
• In this paper, we look closely at patterns of U2U trading relationships among DWM users.
• Also, it should be common knowledge not to share personal information online.
• We can see this pattern on the chart below, which shows the level of market share controlled by the dominant market of each epoch.
• Cybercriminals on the dark web marketplace always look for new victims to target with scams or infect their devices with malware, spyware, or adware.

Miklos has long-time experience in cybersecurity and data privacy having worked with international teams for more than 10 years in projects involving penetration testing, network security and cryptography. One could end up with their details being used to open accounts on various pornographic websites or cryptocurrency trading sites. Despite a recent push for security awareness and forcing people to implement 2FA, a huge number of people still become victims of cybercriminals who manage to steal their online payment accounts.

For instance, you can choose the preferred security levels for enhanced protection. The security level is set to ‘Standard’ by default, but you can change it to the ‘safest’ and enjoy more security while accessing the dark web. If you want to buy something, deposit cryptocurrency in your wallet, and you will be charged directly. He recommends verifying market employees carefully, and to weed out law enforcement infiltration through barium meal tests.

The report did, however, present some more positive figures, including a year-over-year decline in revenue from crypto-based scams. Although scams remain one of the biggest drivers of crypto-based crime, with $4.6 billion in revenue for 2023, the figure was down from the previous year’s $5.9 billion. As Hydra did, many of these markets have continued the tradition of including drug harm reduction information for drug buyers, such as providing drug testing and medical advice. “The RuTor forum has launched a series of webinars on medical topics, including first aid and overdose scenarios,” said Aleksey Lakhov, of St. Petersburg-based drug project Drugmap.ru. But Russians fleeing the country since the war have still been able to buy drugs on the dark web.

The site aims to direct users to the actual Torzon Market, presumably a darknet marketplace. Freshtools is a unique marketplace in that it does not only provide the stolen data, but it allows criminals to purchase MaaS which can cause further damage to the victims. It is one of the most active and up to date markets and always provides new and updated malware and data. It is a hub for financial cybercrime and offers a wide range of illicit services and stolen data that cater to sophisticated cybercriminals.

The stolen data supply chain begins with producers—hackers who exploit vulnerable systems and steal sensitive information such as credit card numbers, bank account information, and Social Security numbers. Next, the stolen data is advertised by wholesalers and distributors who sell the data. Finally, the data is purchased by consumers who use it to commit various forms of fraud, including fraudulent credit card transactions, identity theft, and phishing attacks. It is common to hear news reports about large data breaches, but what happens once your personal data is stolen?

Your definitive guide to the top darknet marketplaces of 2025—featuring verified onion routing links, cryptocurrency trading insights, vendor ratings, and escrow security details. Dive into the dark pool trading world with Abacus, Alphabay, Torrez, and more. In total, there were 2,158 vendors who advertised at least one of the 96,672 product listings across the 30 marketplaces.

Between June 1 and June 27, 2025, average daily deposits to Abacus totaled USD 230,000 across 1,400 transactions, but this plummeted to just USD 13,000 across 100 deposits from June 28 to July 10, 2025. Welcome to this collection of darknet resources, curated exclusively for educational and informational purposes. This repository serves as a knowledge hub for individuals interested in understanding the structure, functionalities, and applications of the darknet. Please note that all material provided here is aimed at promoting awareness, responsible research, and ethical use of information.